Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's surface where hot molten rock, gases, and ash escape from below the crust. This molten rock, called magma, rises because it is lighter than the surrounding solid rock. When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. Volcanic eruptions can be explosive or gentle, depending on the type of magma and the pressure underground.
Volcanoes play an important role in shaping the Earth's landscape and creating new landforms. They can also affect the climate by releasing gases and ash into the atmosphere. While eruptions can be dangerous, they also provide valuable minerals and fertile soil that support ecosystems and human agriculture. Shutdown123